Outline:
1. Thesis statement:Reproductive cloning should be allowed for future developments in medical treatment, infertility treatment, and diversity of nature.
2. Brief exlanation as to why the question is a controversial issue.
The issue regarding reproductive cloning has been a controversial issue due to ethical controversies as well as possible dangers. Many people see reproductive cloning as unethical due to their religious and conscious beliefs. They believe that humans creating a life form goes against the law of nature or God. Many scientists comment that reproductive cloning is highly dangerous and inefficient. However, reproductive cloning needs to be allowed for our future developments. It is ethical and significant in the fact that it has a possibility of opening a new age of transplant technology, possibility of giving an opportunity to become a parent to infertility patients, and the possibility to maintain our diverse animal ecosystems.
3. Brief outline of at least two sides on the issue, their rationale, and the value that they necessarily are demonstrating.An outline of each paragraph in your body demonstrating an argument and evidence used to support it.
Intro: Reproductive cloning is performed with the express intent of creating another organism. This organism is the exact duplicate of one that already exists or has existed in the past. Cloning of plants, animals, and humans falls into the class of reproductive cloning.The issue regarding reproductive cloning has been a controversial issue due to ethical controversies as well as possible dangers. Many people see reproductive cloning as unethical due to their religious and conscious beliefs. They believe that humans creating a life form goes against the law of nature or God. Many scientists comment that reproductive cloning is highly dangerous and inefficient. However, reproductive cloning needs to be allowed for our future developments. It is ethical and significant in the fact that it has a possibility of opening a new age of transplant technology, possibility of giving an opportunity to become a parent to infertility patients, and the possibility to maintain our diverse animal ecosystems. Reproductive cloning should be allowed for future developments in medical treatment, infertility treatment, and diversity of nature.
Against: Reproductive cloning has no future. It is absolutely unethical and dangerous to proceed such treatment.
A. Physical dangers: Animal cloning has shown high risks of lethal conditions occurring in the fetuses. There's also a considerable risk for the gestational mother carrying the cloned animals. When animal cloning can not be proceeded perfectly, how can it be applied to human cloning? No responsible researcher would proceed cloning in human trial.[http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309076374]
B. Research restraints: Having to experiment with human beings is unethical and immoral. Researching to develop a new treatment and a new technology takes a lot of time and numerous experiments that can not be easily handed with human beings. Scientists would not only feel uncomfortable about experimenting on human beings but also struggle in achieving a controlled result.[http://www.time.com/time/archive/collections/0,21428,c_cloning,00.shtml]
C. Autonomy: What rights are given to the cloned child that is created through SCNT? They wouldn't have been given the opportunity of giving consent to such experiment. How would we control the regulation on uses of DNA?
D. Conflicts of interest: Once again, ethical problems would arise once economical benefits interfere with the experiment. It is unavoidable that such research would cost tremendous amounts of funding and costs. The overall cost and profit that the research earns would conflict with the ethical standards of experimenting on a human being.[http://books.google.com/books?id=MMFJ9278IlMC&dq=reproductive+cloning&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=11&ct=result] E. Psychological/social harm: The cloned child, once again without their own consent, would have to go through social harm and psychological harm due ot the fact that they are "genetic copy" of somebody else. Nor can we make sure that the clones are treated equally by others or their "creators". Due to the status as a clone, he or she would suffer segregation and limitations in society. It is foreseeable that the clones would be unequal to the naturally born human beings.:The cloned individual may suffer psychological harm from its status as a "genetic copy” of somebody else. The clone might be dominated by the person who creates him or her, unduly constrained by expectations based on the abilities or life course of the donor, or stigmatized by society. It remains uncertain whether these concerns can be effectively addressed by education and legislation. For:
A. Benefits: Reproductive certainly has a future that can be effectively used to treat people, help people, and help our planet Earth.
I. Infertile couples: human cloning can progress into a great treatment for infertile couples. They would not have to involve a third "parent" or a sperm donor when producing a child. Both of the parents can have both of their characteristics in their child just like a natural born child would have. No ethical controversies should prevents couples from having an alternative choice to have their own genetically related children.[http://www.pregnancy-info.net/StemCell/therapeutic_vs_reproductive.html][http://whyfiles.org/148clone_clash/3.html]
[http://books.google.com/books?id=MMFJ9278IlMC&dq=reproductive+cloning&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=11&ct=result]
II. Some "un-ethical" but very beneficial treatments:Using SCNT to reproduce children can produce children with certain genetic features(ex: bone marrow donor for a ill sibling),"replicate" a deceased child, produce a child with genetical information that would fulfill expectations, and to achieve immortality by living on through one's clone.III. Maintaining diversity of nature on Earth: It has been proven by scientific experiments that reproductive cloning has successfully reproduced almost extinct animals. It can be used to repopulate the endangered animals in our ecosystem. Hundreds of cloned animals exist today, but the number of different species is limited. Attempts at cloning certain species such as monkeys, chickens, horses, and dogs, have been unsuccessful. Some species may be more resistant to somatic cell nuclear transfer than others. The process of stripping the nucleus from an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of a donor cell is a traumatic one, and improvements in cloning technologies may be needed before many species can be cloned successfully.[http://books.google.com/books? id=3rx6uDgm8lYC&dq=reproductive+cloning&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=13&ct=result][http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=cloning-noahs-ark] [http://www.reproductivecloning.net/savulescu.html] B. Autonomy: It is up to every individual to decide on cloning themselves. Nobody can restrict such right.[http://www.reproductivecloning.net/savulescu.html] Your concluding remarks and how your position will reflect on the future regarding the issue being discussed: There are millions of controversies regarding reproductive cloning. Whether a plant, animal, or human being is cloned, ethical, moral, and other kinds of controversies will always follow along. However, if we are limited by ethical reasons and expectations, science development would eventually halt to an end. In order to develop our scientific researches and medical treatments, we have to go through some sacrifices. We can not be held back by religious or ethical controversies. Science is a crucial part that will determine the future of humanity and our nature. We would have to carefully construct the technology, regulation, and cloning system and be able to use such technology wisely and beneficially to humanity. If we succeed in developing a perfect reproductive cloning, our future is bright. Most illnesses would be treated and our responsibility to restore the diversity of Earth's nature would be fulfilled.
YES! : )
Research Paper:
Bibliography
Outline:
1. Thesis statement:Reproductive cloning should be allowed for future developments in medical treatment, infertility treatment, and diversity of nature.
2. Brief exlanation as to why the question is a controversial issue.
The issue regarding reproductive cloning has been a controversial issue due to ethical controversies as well as possible dangers. Many people see reproductive cloning as unethical due to their religious and conscious beliefs. They believe that humans creating a life form goes against the law of nature or God. Many scientists comment that reproductive cloning is highly dangerous and inefficient. However, reproductive cloning needs to be allowed for our future developments. It is ethical and significant in the fact that it has a possibility of opening a new age of transplant technology, possibility of giving an opportunity to become a parent to infertility patients, and the possibility to maintain our diverse animal ecosystems.
3. Brief outline of at least two sides on the issue, their rationale, and the value that they necessarily are demonstrating.An outline of each paragraph in your body demonstrating an argument and evidence used to support it.
Intro: Reproductive cloning is performed with the express intent of creating another organism. This organism is the exact duplicate of one that already exists or has existed in the past. Cloning of plants, animals, and humans falls into the class of reproductive cloning.The issue regarding reproductive cloning has been a controversial issue due to ethical controversies as well as possible dangers. Many people see reproductive cloning as unethical due to their religious and conscious beliefs. They believe that humans creating a life form goes against the law of nature or God. Many scientists comment that reproductive cloning is highly dangerous and inefficient. However, reproductive cloning needs to be allowed for our future developments. It is ethical and significant in the fact that it has a possibility of opening a new age of transplant technology, possibility of giving an opportunity to become a parent to infertility patients, and the possibility to maintain our diverse animal ecosystems. Reproductive cloning should be allowed for future developments in medical treatment, infertility treatment, and diversity of nature.
Against: Reproductive cloning has no future. It is absolutely unethical and dangerous to proceed such treatment.
A. Physical dangers: Animal cloning has shown high risks of lethal conditions occurring in the fetuses. There's also a considerable risk for the gestational mother carrying the cloned animals. When animal cloning can not be proceeded perfectly, how can it be applied to human cloning? No responsible researcher would proceed cloning in human trial.[http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309076374]
B. Research restraints: Having to experiment with human beings is unethical and immoral. Researching to develop a new treatment and a new technology takes a lot of time and numerous experiments that can not be easily handed with human beings. Scientists would not only feel uncomfortable about experimenting on human beings but also struggle in achieving a controlled result.[http://www.time.com/time/archive/collections/0,21428,c_cloning,00.shtml]
C. Autonomy: What rights are given to the cloned child that is created through SCNT? They wouldn't have been given the opportunity of giving consent to such experiment. How would we control the regulation on uses of DNA?
D. Conflicts of interest: Once again, ethical problems would arise once economical benefits interfere with the experiment. It is unavoidable that such research would cost tremendous amounts of funding and costs. The overall cost and profit that the research earns would conflict with the ethical standards of experimenting on a human being.[http://books.google.com/books?id=MMFJ9278IlMC&dq=reproductive+cloning&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=11&ct=result]
E. Psychological/social harm: The cloned child, once again without their own consent, would have to go through social harm and psychological harm due ot the fact that they are "genetic copy" of somebody else. Nor can we make sure that the clones are treated equally by others or their "creators". Due to the status as a clone, he or she would suffer segregation and limitations in society. It is foreseeable that the clones would be unequal to the naturally born human beings.:The cloned individual may suffer psychological harm from its status as a "genetic copy” of somebody else. The clone might be dominated by the person who creates him or her, unduly constrained by expectations based on the abilities or life course of the donor, or stigmatized by society. It remains uncertain whether these concerns can be effectively addressed by education and legislation.
For:
A. Benefits: Reproductive certainly has a future that can be effectively used to treat people, help people, and help our planet Earth.
I. Infertile couples: human cloning can progress into a great treatment for infertile couples. They would not have to involve a third "parent" or a sperm donor when producing a child. Both of the parents can have both of their characteristics in their child just like a natural born child would have. No ethical controversies should prevents couples from having an alternative choice to have their own genetically related children.[http://www.pregnancy-info.net/StemCell/therapeutic_vs_reproductive.html][http://whyfiles.org/148clone_clash/3.html]
[http://books.google.com/books?id=MMFJ9278IlMC&dq=reproductive+cloning&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=11&ct=result]
II. Some "un-ethical" but very beneficial treatments:Using SCNT to reproduce children can produce children with certain genetic features(ex: bone marrow donor for a ill sibling),"replicate" a deceased child, produce a child with genetical information that would fulfill expectations, and to achieve immortality by living on through one's clone.III. Maintaining diversity of nature on Earth: It has been proven by scientific experiments that reproductive cloning has successfully reproduced almost extinct animals. It can be used to repopulate the endangered animals in our ecosystem. Hundreds of cloned animals exist today, but the number of different species is limited. Attempts at cloning certain species such as monkeys, chickens, horses, and dogs, have been unsuccessful. Some species may be more resistant to somatic cell nuclear transfer than others. The process of stripping the nucleus from an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of a donor cell is a traumatic one, and improvements in cloning technologies may be needed before many species can be cloned successfully. [http://books.google.com/books? id=3rx6uDgm8lYC&dq=reproductive+cloning&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=13&ct=result] [http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=cloning-noahs-ark]
[http://www.reproductivecloning.net/savulescu.html]
B. Autonomy: It is up to every individual to decide on cloning themselves. Nobody can restrict such right.[http://www.reproductivecloning.net/savulescu.html]
Your concluding remarks and how your position will reflect on the future regarding the issue being discussed:
There are millions of controversies regarding reproductive cloning. Whether a plant, animal, or human being is cloned, ethical, moral, and other kinds of controversies will always follow along. However, if we are limited by ethical reasons and expectations, science development would eventually halt to an end. In order to develop our scientific researches and medical treatments, we have to go through some sacrifices. We can not be held back by religious or ethical controversies. Science is a crucial part that will determine the future of humanity and our nature. We would have to carefully construct the technology, regulation, and cloning system and be able to use such technology wisely and beneficially to humanity. If we succeed in developing a perfect reproductive cloning, our future is bright. Most illnesses would be treated and our responsibility to restore the diversity of Earth's nature would be fulfilled.